We are increasingly engaged in transdisciplinary research to address the complex challenges our world faces today, such as transitioning to renewable energy systems, advancing personalised medicine, leveraging digital twins, and accurately predicting climate change. Advanced research e-infrastructure has become essential for tackling these questions in an integrated manner. To achieve these ambitions, we are converging on using multiple technologies, methodologies, computing and data infrastructures, and software stacks to create sustainable, long-term value. In this respect, applications and workflows are crucial for addressing scientific challenges, achieving outcomes, and advancing the boundaries of research.