Who is truly in the lead in digital transformation — and how does that differ across Europe? In this international panel, speakers from four national organisations — Sarah Knight from Jisc (UK), Hanna Nordlund from Digivisio (Finland), Oliver Janoschka from Hochschulforum Digitalisierung (Germany), and Christien Bok from SURF (Netherlands) — compare how governance, culture, and structure shape who takes responsibility for change.